Compares and contrasts formative, summative, and confirmative Research Paper

Compargons and contrasts formative, summative, and confirmative evaluation in the argumental design process - Research theme ExampleHere, the clarity, impact and feasibility of the message and the instruction argon determined. In the small group evaluation, the wide-cut group is handed similar feedback based on grouped outcome of the successes or difficulties. This effectively addresses the instruction rather than the learners. In the field trial evaluation, the instructor uses the design and course materials already modified in two shipway to present a full-scale instructional session. Challenges with formative evaluation are often found in feasibility matters. Students capabilities, instructional environment and medium greatly impact the outcome of the stage. The motivation, independence and maturity of separate educatees will determine the required time to complete the stage (Smaldino, Rusell & Heinrich, 2005). Summative evaluation is beneficial because it is assertable t o develop consistent, standardized sets of information on each learner. It also creates a justification for wide-scale decision qualification in education programs. Summative evaluation uses two phases to assess the worth or merit of a program. The inclusion of external evaluators is beneficial because it adds value to the evaluation and design of the learning process and materials. In the capable judgment phase, feasibility, content, design and congruence analysis are examined. In the field trial phase, outcome and way analysis are examined. It further looks at the impact on the students, job and organization. Essentially, the performance of the group in relation to the set objective is analyzed by the instructional designer in various ways (Gagne, Wager & Keller, 2005). Organizational resources and needs are aligned with the program through congruence analysis goals are identified through content analysis sufficiency of modules of instructional strategies is evaluated through d esign analysis and feasibility analysis is in relation to the materials utility. Summative evaluation is challenged when it comes to balancing process and product measures and preventing backwards innuendo anticipating the scope of positive and negative consequences of using results of summative assessment attending to both non-cognitive and affective features of roaring academic programs and the informations timeliness (Gagne, Wager & Keller, 2005). In confirmative evaluation, there is a ensue up of the students after they are out of the program. It is beneficial because instructors get to know their competitive levels and how well they are making use of the knowledge and information they gain from their programs. This is a marriage of the other evaluations and programs in day-and-night improvement. Unlike the other kinds used at the designing and learning levels, confirmative evaluation comes months after slaying of the program (Morrison, Ross & Kemp, 2004). Endurance of outco mes, efficiency and return on investments are tested. However, the challenge is that the evaluators and students are forced to institutionalise themselves to the full scope of evaluation. Identifying and including all the stakeholders, especially decision makers and activity planners, is also a problem. Question deuce Formative assessment is an ongoing measurement in educational preparation aiming at the improvement of student learning. It provides information crucial in the monitoring of an individual

Scope and Kinds of Cyber Security Research Paper

Scope and Kinds of Cyber auspices - Research Paper ExampleThe researcher states that wholeness can hardly imagine an activity that would non involve the reckoner and other digital equipment being used in digital devices. Their usage is furthermore visible in the organizational structures, both on managerial front, educational and governmental level. Having explained its dominance and front line solely over in our surrounding, at the same time, it must be said that computing public which is an online sphere is a fragile one and is extremely vulnerable to the external threats and challenges. These threats come in do work of security concerns. While it is an outer world where there is no restriction on allone who may call for to join the network of World Wide Web, it becomes imperative to create a security factor considerateness which would enable safe operations. Since all kinds of activities are being performed over the computer and mesh, ranging from private data repla cement to financial records, governmental records, other documents of national security, central databases and various other elements, in such cases it becomes important to establish a mechanism that would ensure safer operations on the internet. Internet is being termed as one of the least equipped and least reliable source of communication when it comes to privacy and security. This has been proven in cases and forms of all kinds of breaches in different parts of the world from time to time. no bank, no individual, no organization , no website is safe from the attack of these insurgents who pose threat to the common flow of traffic across the board. Scope of cybersecurity The sphere of cybersecurity is a very large one and it finds its application in any place where there is computer and internet in function. It would find its usage in home applications, official applications, educational institutes, governmental, even in the aeroplanes where most of the transmission is done ove r computer and digital means, require safe coding methods. Anything that is on the board of online inter daring is included in the scope of cybersecurity since it requires protection in one way or other. Even the domestic users of computer who may use it for ordinary online operations, require security and safety since any kind of malware or bug can penetrate into their computer and cause the desired damaged. The need for cybersecurity Cyberworld is bonnie the like the society of human being. While over 3 billion people from across the world are on board on the digital interface, it does require patrolling and controlling of the entire traffic. Just like the society would need law and order, police control and patrol, in the same way a culture medium that has over 3 billion users would require a scheme which would ensure safe usage of internet and computers. With all kinds of operations subject to the usage of online resources, it is highly imperative to create a zone that is sc reen with secure browsing of computers and the world of internet. Kinds of cybersecurity threats Just like a physical society may face threats in different forms, the cyber world is no exception and it is faced with challenges and obstacles in various forms. These come in form of cybersecurity concerns.

How social media are reshaping health care Essay

How favorable media ar reshaping health care - search ExampleWhat do youthful state today play in their extracurricular activities? If your answer is palliate computer games, then it seems that you are out of date. Today the most popular activity among those young people is keeping fit. That is the reason as to why your friends who used to be everywhereweight and extremely fond of scrap food begun to refuse the cola you handed them and spent much time in the gym. A young mans eight strong abdominals seem to be more attractive to girls than his luxury car. So how come? Why is keeping fit so popular? When do people start to tighten more on their health care than how much money they make?Twitter and Facebook and other social media platforms offer individuals with health awareness tips. According to Hawn (2009), social media such as wikis, blogs, twitter, Facebook, and other social networks platforms are all about enriching and speeding up communication especially between the co ntact of patients and doctors. She described a kind of high-tech health care called howdy Health in her passage.Patients could send doctors instant messages over the howdy Health network describing their symptoms and asking them for advice the doctor would reply with a quick e-mail, which is free. In effect, Hello Health was operating as a kind of concierge practice. Health insurers typically did not pay for visits over the Internet, which was just one reason as to why the practice does not accept health insurance. Hello health left behind the old model of one-to-one communication and enabled communication from one to umteen (via a blog post or answer sheet) or from many sources to many receivers (Hawn, 2009).The practice was base on its network communication platform to other doctors in service at hospitals or secret practices across the country. Doctors would be able to freely join the network, and then

Memorandum explaining the discussion of merits of Congress adopting a Term Paper

Memorandum explaining the discussion of merits of relative adopting a federal Value Added Tax - Term Paper ExampleThe SBT was developed in as early as 1975. The framework of SBT can be scrutinized to understand the practical implementation of the VAT aim in American context. In the year 2008, SBT was repealed and re amazed by a nonher evaluateation framework called the Michigan ancestry Tax, which can be assureed as a form of continued VAT implementation. (Roberts, W. D. & Gell, M. B., 2010) At the federal level, the US relation back is trying to institute the VAT scheme since 1982. Overall, the options have stressed that a broad-based consumption tax, such as a VAT, could raise large sums less easily than incremental increases in income tax rates, scarce with less loss of economic efficiency that excise taxes on selected products could be raised to minor great effect and that broadening the tax base could raise significant sums and improve economic efficiency. (Reischauer, R. D., 1994) Current Proposals in Congress for Adoption of a Federal Value-Added Tax The US taxation system is based on a strong historical milieu, and the US Congress is aware of that. The historic Boston Tea Party, which took place prior to the War of American Independence, was related to the unfair tax schemes imposed by the then British rulers. However, the framework of the federal governance of the country remained under scrutiny and criticisms throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Income tax regulations have been a primary federal concern. The framework of the federal taxation system of America has not been without its problems (Adams, T. S., 1921). Too much dependence on income tax revenues may lead to serious economic problems. The Congress thus proposes to impose a value-added or national sales tax. The Congressional Budgetary Office (CBO) has been pointing at the revenue raising potential of a...The policy pros of the VAT scheme entail the reduction of the American thri ftinesss too much dependence on the income tax revenues. In the United States, people with higher(prenominal) income have to pay a heavier income tax, which is regarded as unfair by many conservatives (Edwards, C., 2009). A strong revenue network through federal VAT can compensate the inequalities in the current income tax rates. to a greater extent and more Democrats and other policy makers are focusing on the policy process in regard of VAT. According to them, VAT will provide the federal government with a reliable instrumentation to manage deficit and pay off the debts. John Podesta (who led President Obamas transition team) thinks that the only charge to stabilize and grip the troublesome debt situation is to make out the hike in health care expenditures, reduce federal spending, and add new means to increase revenue input. The progressive value-added tax scheme appears to be a boon in this context. The policy cons of VAT scheme are rather numerous and purpose provoking. The European experience of implementing the VAT is important. VAT is supposed to lower the taxes on profit and income.

Learning Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Learning Process - Essay ExampleThe Learning process mostly depends on experience and leads to long changes in behavior potential. Behaviour potential designates the possible behavior of an individual, not real(a) behavior As opposed to short-term changes in behavior potential (caused e.g. by fatigue) erudition implies long-term changes. As opposed to long-term changes caused by aging and development, learning implies changes related directly to experience. Major look traditions are behaviorism, Cognitivist (psychology) and self-regulated learning (Psychology of Learning 2005). Learning has to be periodically reinforced, so that knowledge will not eventually lose in that individual (Learning 2005). Example can be seen in infants and children. Imitation of a role model is a natural mechanism for infants and children, when learning from experience. Childs play is another method for learning by the example of other children, who naturally gain satisfaction by playing the role of i nstructor or mentor to a less-experienced child (Learning 2005). Learning by teaching, is a method of teaching which allows teachers to distribute the new lesson limit and let little groups prepare their part in order to teach this contents to the rest of the class (Learning 2005).In education and psychology, learning theories help teachers understand the process of learning. There are two main perspectives in learning theories, constructivism and behaviorism (Learning Theory 2005). Other informal theories of education muss with more sensible components of the learning process. One of these deals with whether learning should take place as a make of concepts toward an overall idea, or the understanding of the overall idea with the details filled in later.

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 52

Marketing - Essay Example setoff and foremost, jampack analysis swear outs to evaluate the internal and external environment of the program where it will implement. This will help the health care institution or program to peg down the amount of material needed for the initiation of the program (Wijngaarden, Scholten, & Wijk, 2007).It will help evaluate possible strength, weakness, opportunities and threats to the new service or new health care program. Considering the case of Coventry health Care Company that implemented SWOT analysis for its formulation and initiation of service, it was clearly noted that the company had to change its implementation plan because they evaluated that their infrastructure can bear up under a lot of threats. The only way that helped Coventry health care company understand the threats was the utilization of SWOT analysis before their entry in the market (Wijngaarden, Scholten, & Wijk, 2007).Thus, it can be said that SWOT analysis is a very effec tive marketing took that can be applied carefully to determine possible threats or strengths for the new service in the market. Usage of SWOT analysis is highly recommended in health care industry.Wijngaarden, J., Scholten, G., & Wijk, K. (2007). Strategic analysis for health care organizations the suitability of the SWOT-analysis. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 27(1),

Advertisement to bid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertisement to implore - Essay ExampleThis entails the strengthening of the construction concrete with steel bars known as rebars. Vibrators argon also used to remove any air that might be trapped in the concrete to increase the strength. It is also understood that you require stained concrete floors, we bailiwick unlimited number of designs and colors for a beautiful finish.We also understand that you require light steel framing of accept fit caloric properties. We have managed to use steel studs for rough-framing in both residential and commercial construction. The steel we use has good thermal and structural behavior especially in cold climate regions as heat deprivation is reduced and has tenement thermal comfort.We have also used clear windows to do some our old constructions. Clear windows are able to let in light at the same time keeps intemperate weather outside. The entire faade of the building can be covered by curtain walls.We have examined the plan located on Ch in building, 55 west 45 street, and confirm that we are able to complete the task in the required time. Enclosed is the bill bond of $18200 for the total of 6000 square foot.We compose to inquire if you would be interested in working as a wood framing subcontractor on an office/warehouse project. In case you are interested, you are supposed to present your major history, including chief(prenominal) works undertaken by you recently. The details of key personnel you testament have performing your portion of work over the entire period should also be presented.The building proficiency should be the stud technique which provides a stable frame to which the wall coverings are attached. Plywood, oriented strand boards, and wind braces should be used in wall sectioning and stabilization. For other fittings you, glued limited timber and laminated veneer lumber will be used. To save on materials used, dimensional lumber method should be used. You will also be required to fix a laminate fl oor with a high aesthetic value. The floor pieces should be railroad car

Describe & evaluate the effects of 2 drugs on the functioning of Essay

Describe & prise the effects of 2 do mediciness on the functioning of neurotransmitters - Essay ExampleIt is four times stronger, than morphine. But the feeling, to which drug addicts strive, is just a side effect for medicine. This side effect is displayed through better mood euphoria, come with by the feeling of indifference to the environment, drowsiness, feeling of warmth, heaviness and relaxation in body and extremities.Heroin is the warmth, loving warmth, which seems to be growing out of your body. At first it seems you are pregnant with this warmth, it is like a pinnace life under your skin, and this live warmth fills your body with heaviness, the wish to move disappears together with all different wishes, the only wish is to lay and listen to this warmth (Carnwath 2002, p. 23)Fast and powerful effect of heroin on the dying(p) system is connected with the fact that it cut throughs to it easier, than other drugs do. The thing is, that nature has created a special br eastwork for the protection of the main human organ mental capacity, and this barrier allows far not all substances to reach the nervous cells (in medicine this barrier is called blood-brain barrier).The structure of heroins molecule allows it to easily penetrate though this blood-brain barrier and quickly accumulate in brain. As soon as heroin appears in the brain, it as if throws down its capsule and turns into morphine. It appears that the main difference of heroin from morphine is in its transport capsule, which allows it to instantly penetrate into the nervous system, causing the abundance of electromagnetic impulses. (Carnwath 2002, p. 49)The thing is that some parts of heroins molecules are similar to those of natural substances, produced by the nervous system the so-called endorphins. In the normally working brain such substances work as delicate regulators of emotional and intellectual human activity. The content of these substances in the drug is much higher, than the n ervous system needs for normal activity. And the main thing is that it is

Business Information Systems etc Research Paper

Business Information Systems etc - Research Paper ExampleSimilarly, on the hardware and parcel side, firms are increasingly utilise cloud computing as the valid secondary to process instruction. The concept of software as a service is not new and increasingly, firms are using these services to take advantage of large data volumes as easily as better efficiency and have a go at itment of the information technology resources. Cloud computing has besides allowed the firms to reduce their IT costs by hosting or using third party systems to achieve the same level of overlapivity and efficiency. The expansion of global e-commerce markets has been advised due to rapid changes in the telecommunication and internet infrastructure. The high speed wireless internet admission charge with mobile ph whiz devices has allowed firms to directly access their customers on their cell ph ones and deliver personalized publicizing messages to their customers. This paper will therefore attempt to research and analyse the emerging trends in the business information systems and information technology. Information System Trends One of the key trends which have emerged during last few years is the engross of peer to peer structure for the management and distribution of information. This new design is based upon the self physical composition principles and rather than depending upon the central points locations, allow systems to coordinate with each other freely and blend in more climbable as sound as robust. Peer to peer infrastructure is also considered as an innovation in the hardware component of the information systems with better and more robust infrastructure to share and disseminate information at least cost.1 It is also important to note that organizations are increasingly relying on virtualization as one of the key information technology tools which can help them to reduce cost as well as present their message to their targeted audience. It is also important to note that virtualization has also necessitated changes in the software as well as hardware requirements too under which organizations are shifting towards more handheld devices to use. Virtualization of business systems is also considered as a part of the autonomic computing in which computer systems will regulate and manage themselves on their own based on the computing activity. This trend therefore may be one of the key trends suggesting a gradual shift towards the use of information technology in a comparatively new manner. It is also important to note that virtualization takes place both in software as well as in hardware. Hardware virtualization can be done by replicating the whole system through a virtual machine with its own operating system. It is also important to note that businesses can go for complete as well as partial virtualization. Cloud Computing Probably one of the to the highest degree important emerging trends in the business information systems and information technology in general is the farm of the cloud computing. Cloud computing is used as a service instead of a product and as such requires an extensive coordination between the service providers and the firms. (Finnie, 2011) Under the cloud computing shared resources, software as well other utilities are provided over a network. Cloud computing is increasingly become more common because it can significantly reduce the overall costs for the firms as well as offer them enough capability to utilize state of the art technology

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

English - experiment ExampleThus he learns that money cannot buy happiness even if it might give all outward appearances of doing so. Having finally discovered the location of his old friends, Candide emancipates them all from their Turkish slave owners only to regulate that even luxurious togetherness is not sufficient to keep everyone happy. Although they have a beautiful country home, they envision themselves only fighting amongst themselves and making each other very unhappy. In the end, the story indicates that despite either optimism felt by the characters, or the attainment of their hopes and dreams, happiness or contentment does not follow.Voltaires confine illustrates the evils he felt were most prevalent in his society. Produced during the Enlightenment era, the novella illustrates many of the prevailing themes of the times, which a good deal revolved around questions of human values and inherited intellectual authority. By the time the Enlightenment reached its matu reness there was a rough consensus among its leading thinkers in regard to certain key themes rejection of orthodox, scriptural Christianity opinion of the superiority of modern over ancient thought extension of this natural-scientific model to a host of pertly social sciences and a proto-liberal political program, aimed at protecting what were now seen as the equal natural rights of individuals (Wright 15). bandage Candide presents itself as a satire against optimism, it has been argued that this satire is instead a more in-depth look at how that optimism, so often associated with the Enlightenment, could be realized by concentration on freeing oneself from an unhappy past, as the characters do when they wholeheartedly devote themselves to the cultivation of their garden rather than allowing themselves to wallow in their misery or luxury.Thus, when Candide says at the end

Response memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

resolution memo - Essay Examplezar, who from the information I received, has been a project manager for nine age with Summit Enterprises, and after informing him of the reschedule of the appointment he agreed to come at 1030a.m. Kaitlyn Grindell, who is a systems analyst and a consultant to various companies, was ready to come for the interview at 11 30a.m. In addition, Mary Montgomery has an MA degree and she has six years experience, and currently works as a senior project coordinator at High Point Industries she agreed to attend at 9.30a.m.From the magnetic inclination of the people who ordain take part filling process, Bertha Ho was not included although she was part of the choice process. Ho works as an operations force out officer, and since you did no list her, I would not subscribe for the time she will attend. I hope the people who will conduct the selection process will adhere to the principles of ethics to select best-qualified candidate based on merit for the bene fit of the company. Bernstein (2010) argues that, the ethics indoors us should produce a desire for success and create a willingness to put the efforts in all work we participate to bring change. I close with the suggestion that you include Bertha Ho in the selection process because from the information in our records, she has highly ethical principles and has adequate experience as operations personnel

Study Skills Preparing for and Taking Tests Research Paper

Study Skills Preparing for and Taking Tests - Research Paper ExampleThis constitution will describe strategies for preparing for and sitting tests. In this paper, it will be assumed that the exam and test implicate the same thing and the two words will be used interchangeably.Hall (2010) advises that test facility begins on the very first day a student enters the school. This is because all that may be time-tested during the exams include even the lessons that were taught on the very first day. In Halls view, test set starts by paying a lot of attention in class and taking an active objet dart in a class by taking lecture nibs. No student should ignore note taking because lecture notes are good for future reference considering that the human brain cannot grasp everything at ago. Students should also engage the lecturer by asking questions in areas that have not been well explained or those which the student feels that he/she needs additional clarification on. This is important because such areas are likely to be tested. This implies that failing to ask questions may mark the beginning of failure in tests.It is common that lecturers leave assignments at one time after a lecture. Students who intend to pass tests highly must(prenominal) always take advantage of these assignments by completing all of them in time. They should also take the assignments to the lecturers for marking, and seek assistance on questions that were wrongly answered. completing assignments and taking them for marking may be the key to passing exams because some tests are directly taken from the assignments given in class by the lecturers.It is also important for students to engage in reviewing what they have lettered regularly so as to avoid forgetting concepts previously learned. To effectively do this, a student must utilize his/her time well. It is, therefore, imperative for the learner to make a personal timetable which acts as a happen on how the time is to be spent on rev iewing the notes.

Organizational Strategies for Quality Assessment and Improvement Research Paper

Organizational Strategies for Quality Assessment and Improvement - Research opus ExampleThe availability of equipment will ensure protection of personnel and promote makeupal resort culture. The organization system should also avoid blame games and work towards solving problems from where they arise. The idea is for the organization to work as a team through openness and transparency in ensuring a culture of safety.Inclusions of the workers in the safety culture motivate the individuals in contributing to the quality procession. The model works better for mutual confabulation between employees and management (Shekelle, Wachter, Pronovost & United States, 2013). Besides, the commitment of the management to ensuring that safety culture is successful, and teamwork motivates other employees in modify the services quality.The malarkyers commitment to achieving the goal of a culture of safety plays a vital utilisation in ensuring the whole program is successful. A paper program wit hout commitment will not lead to improved quality and safety hence there is a need for management to act appropriately. The leaders should play their part through listening and implementing workers contribution towards improving safety. Implementation of the workers idea encourages them to find solutions for each existing problems in the organization including safety. Management can only achieve these safety and quality improvement through communicating to the employees (Longo,

Case study-bp struggles to resolve sustainability disaster-Ethic paper Term

Case study-bp struggles to resolve sustainability disaster-Ethic - boundary Paper ExampleThis incidence has affected the federation severely damaging its reputation, costing it heavy losses and declining its business and productivity. The Deepwater Horizon disaster has produced cleanup costs that may exceed $40 b. In addition, billions more(prenominal) ultimately will be spent as a consequence of criminal and civil penalties and lawsuits. It overly has produced an inestimable loss of reputation and goodwill for BP, a huge community that is more than a one C old. The company was also blamed for playacting unhonorablely and avoiding its bodily social responsibilities. The aim of this paper is to psychoanalyze key questions concerned with corporate ethics. These questions include whether any corporations believe that they must give evidence of acting honorablely, whether this insistence is just politically-correct window dressing in many instances, whether it represents genuin e moral concern on the part of top managers at the companies which issue them, whether it is truly good business for a corporation to convey honest practices or whether these practices simply purchase a tawdry respectability within the community for a company. The answers to these key questions will be discussed in this paper in the context of BP. The role and significance of ethical considerations in corporate caution Contrary to the earlier business practices and beliefs the present day corporate management provides significant importance to ethics in business and recognizes the the role and significance of ethical considerations in corporate management. Traditionally, the ethical principles were used for defining business rules and regulations and a set of standards which corporations should follow but presently, there argon considered as serious issues required for the success of the organization and the top level management consider them snappy issues for the business as th ey have to be accountable to their stakeholders including their customers who ar life and blood for them and the ethical issues are part of their social responsibility (Cavanagh, Moberg and Velasquez, 1981). The ethical considerations are still a dilemma for many corporations and they view it difficult in deciding about ethically acceptable or unacceptable behavior or situation. In the absence of clear and concrete definition of business ethics the corporations need the services of ethical consultants to resolve ethical issues. In the context of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, BP has been alleged for many serious ethical problems that have occurred after the incidence, but a close investigation of the issues suggests, given the facts as presented in this case, that the company has acted quite ethically and genuinely to all its stakeholders. The most critical ethical dilemma before the company was whether the company was fair and honest enough in handling the issues after the disa ster. There is no touch on to the expectations of the people and they always seek more than what they get. The company is spending substantially for the clean up projects for the impose on _or_ oppress caused by the Deepwater Hor

Contemporary Issues In Accounting And Finance Essay

coeval Issues In Accounting And Finance - Essay Example3, citing a 1966 definition). At the same time, accounting is grounded on philosophical assumptions about knowledge and on the relationship between theory and practice. Meanwhile, for Oatley (2001), financial canon is about regulating tills to protect depositors and shareholders. For Carvajal et al. (2009), financial prescript is something more encompassing because its key objective is to check out that all told financial activities that may pose systemic dangers are appropriately overseen. The same perspective is in like manner in Truman (2009). For Carvajal et al. (2009), the scope or perimeter of financial liberation involves three aspects. First, it must digest regulators with the widest gather in of the status of regulation action. Second, it must enable regulators to monitor and respond to risks. Finally or third, it must provide regulators with early warnings of risks. The subject area of financial regulation is serious because we have a highly financialized saving worldwide (Andersson et al. 2010). Accounting is important for managers (Webster 2004). At the same time, accounting financial statements can provide regulators with important tools through which they can monitor the financial system, check on the progress of regulation, and anticipate possible risks so they can be addressed or eliminated (Taylor 2009). Accounting financial statements can also be apply to monitor the performance of nongovernmental organisations (Morgan 2010). Financial regulation, however, is not entirely dependent on financial statements because financial regulation can cover all of the economy while financial statements from accounting cover only the economical conditions of firms or group of firms under a conglomerate (Borio and Tsatsaronis 2005 HM Treasury 2010). For example, financial regulators would also be monitoring liquidity, interest rates, capital flows, and other macroeconomic variables, not mere ly financial statements. Another character of regulation also uses financial statements but is different from financial regulation strengthening corporate governance. donnish research contributed to the sciences or fields of accounting, financial regulation, and corporate governance. In the process, donnish research protected and innovative modern living and, thus, it can be said that academic research improved our lives. Although not all journal articles are academic research, I review a few accounting journals to deck how academic research has been developing the field of accounting and, relatedly, financial regulation. In doing so, I will attempt to illustrate how academic research contributes to protecting and advancing life (Humphrey and Lee 2004 Sterling 1975). Barth and Landsman (2010) examined how financial describe contributed to the financial crisis. They concluded that fair value accounting played little or no voice in the financial crisis. Unfortunately, however, the lack of transparency in securitization and derivatives misled investors from assessing properly property values and the risk of bank assets and liabilities (Barth and Landsman 2010). Because of this, they proposed to require banks to recognize whatever assets and liabilities they have after the securitization to reflect better the underlying political economy of banks. Further, they recommended disclosure of more disaggregated information, disclosure of the sensitivity of derivative fair values to changes in market risk variables,

The Main Advantages of Sales Force Automation Essay

The Main Advantages of Sales Force Automation - examine ExampleSalesforce automation is a component of CRM that is implemented to execute, drive, and track gross revenue initiatives. SFA systems organize sales teams by providing the tools to properly manage leads, accounts, opportunities, and market campaigns. (Sales Team Automation)The contemporary age is the era of industrialization and technological advancement. The diligent and accurate flow of breeding regulates the corporate companies within the business environment. All the great organizations are applying current methods of communication and marketing while making and developing their strategies. Bill Gates, the Chairman of Microsoft Corporation, declares fast flow of teaching and application of technology to be in leading position. The most meaningful way to differentiate your corporation from your competitor, the best way to put distance between you and the crowd, is to do an outstanding job with information. How you gather, manage, and use information will determine whether you win or lose. (Gates 1999 p 1). The managers of sales force apply sales marketing systems, i.e. the information management systems highly supportive in the mechanization of sales force administration sales force automation is a part of it. Simply put the term refers to the system that could maintain and adjudge the record of the complete sales process automatically. SFA includes a get hold of management system which tracks all contact that has been made with a given customer, the purpose of the contact, and any follow up that might be required.

Letter of Interest Essay Example for Free

garner of Interest EssayI wish to express my sincere and earnest interest to change the prescribe of my breeding from 8th Grade Math to either sixth Grade Math or sixth Grade Social Studies. At the outset, I would like to state my preference to switch pedagogy kids for sixth Grade Social Studies. For thirteen years I have been teaching Math for middle and lofty school kids. At this instance in my life, I truly believe that I can bump relate, communicate, and convey teaching with younger kids, 6th grade kids in particular. I do feel that thither is a read for more(prenominal) consideration and a patient and nurturing teacher with broader perspective in handling delicate 6th grade kids who are also naturally with short attention span. As a mother myself of two young kids, I am confident that I have the qualities to better strive this purpose. In my experience with 8th grade kids, I found that this is not the case since they already assert a sense of independence. More importantly, I do love to teach younger kids that still need to be look after in their education formation.Moreover, I am not comfortable teaching 8th grade curriculum next year with the introduction of the sunrise(prenominal) Math program of machine-accessible Mathematics which is a departure from whole class teacher directed mastery. Although, I have no doubt that I can go through and will better adjust to this new hands-on and self-discovery program of instruction. As to my preferred interest in teaching Social Studies for 6th grade kids, I can state the same reasons as with my interest in teaching Math for the same grade level.However, with social studies, I am very excited to teach in this field which is a new sphere completely different from Math which I have been teaching for thirteen years. Even though I have not taught social studies before, I am certain that I am more than qualified if given the opportunity. I have gone through the curriculum on social studies for 6th g rade kids and I found it very motivating and a worthy teaching endeavor. I neck I have the passion and fervor to teach social studies for 6th grade kids.The switch from teaching Math to Social Studies is a great change in proving my teaching capabilities. Needless to say, I am prepared to teach any subject and any curriculum with my fondness for teaching young kids. I believe it is significant to mention that I am getting my masters in curriculum and instruction to further my qualifications as an efficient and competent teacher. I am hoping this letter of interest to switch teaching to 6th grade kids will meet your favorable consideration.

The Truth Is in the Kowledge Essay Example for Free

The estimableice Is in the Kowledge Essay defraud All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered the point is to discover them. Truth is education, classicly a person could never find the truth without being enlightened. The truth is the easiest thing to find, but many people do not care to find it. Most are much thriving with the truth or afraid of what actually might be true. However, if they would dependable be optimistic and unafraid(p) they might actually experience and strike to a greater extent. Anyone can find, look, and appreciate almost anything that can be taught. And when a person can truly experience any one thing they be go up enlightened. Not besides can this person share his experience but he can in like manner spread the acquaintance of what he had learned. nearlytimes it is great to examine all possibilities because the amount you can learn can dumbfound huge impact on your life. In Mark Twains Advice to Youths and Platos The fable of the Caves, both(prenominal) authors portray that enlightening and experiencing are the two most important aspects of finding the truth. The Truth is in the Knowledge. set-back of all, as a child, you can find more truths simply just listening to your parents then you could if you just ignore them. The amount of respect and trust you show your parents is directly related to the amount of freedoms and trust they split back to a child. The more a child can show they can listen and learn the more their parents enable them to broaden their experiences. In Advice to Youth, Twain states, Most parents think they know better than you do, and you can broadly make more by humoring them that superstition then you can by acting on your own judgment Just because you do what your parents tell you, doesnt mean you need to believe what theyre motto. Just watch your mouth while listening, and salve form your opinion down the road. That counselling your parents bequeath be happy, and still t hink they know more. While you can still be enlightened more later on down the road. Only one thing can even compare in importance to the truth, and that is a lie. Everyone enchants lying as a bad thing, but it is a very important part of life. Every aspect of lie is important they all dumbfound an impact on the takings in the blockade.In Advice to Youth, Twain says, Now as to the matter of lying. You want to be very careful about(predicate) lying otherwise youre nearly sure to get caught. Once someone catches you in a lie your relationship changes for the rest of your life. Some might have the tolerance to forgive but they still will have lost faith in you as person. That is why Mark Twain is maxim how important lying is in finding the truth in life. You must experience both sides of lies, and learn from them. You never know what a lie might cost you.A person can have a horrible experience the worst time in their life, but as long as they pick themselves up and learn from it one achieves the best possible outcome from their situation. When someone is down it is picturesque hard to cheer them up. You should help them realize they built character and knowledge from it, and the result is a stronger person. In The Allegory of the Cave, Plato writes, Build your character thoughtfully and painstakingly upon these precepts, and by and by, when you have got it built, you will be surprised and gratify to see how nicely and sharply it resembles everyone elses. Sometimes a person cannot help what happens in their life. That is why a lot of people look at you differently as person after you react to controversy. Some would go as far as saying that helps build character and alike shows toughness. The more a person is able to experience in life the more enlightened and knowledgeable they become. First tip over experiences are the easiest, and more often than not, the most effective way to educate. There is no better way to start building memory then hands on act ivities with whichever subject you want to learn about.Plato also states, Last of all he will be able to see the sun and not mere reflections of him in the water, but he will see him in the water, but he will see him in his own proper place, and not another and he will contemplate him as he is. You cannot send someone out to do a job theyve never done before. You will end up with a mess, which is why experience is just as important as learning anything. It is also why experiencing is just as important to truth as anything else. In closing, both Twain and Plato were saying that you need to learn if you want to find the truth about anything.And when they mean learn they are talk about every single thing around someone. You can simply enjoy life more by broadening skills and learning about things near and far. It is more important to find the truth quite an than being scared or avoiding it. The truth can be something bad but youll never come out on the positive end of it if you dont learn from it. Not everything is wrong just because everyone says that it is. A person needs to experience to find the truth and form their own opinion.

Human Population Growth Essay Example for Free

Human Population Growth EssayNo matter what organism you ar talking active, all living things possess the ability to reproduce. This comes in two forms. The first form of community growth is Exponential Population Growth. The second is logistic Population Growth. Exponential population growth refers to when a population is not subject to any limiting factors, it will grow and expand exponentially flush past the content of the environment to sustain.Rabbits are a good example of this form of population growth, Thus, the exponential growth model explains how a few dozen rabbits can multiply into millions and overrun a continent. (Simon, Reece, Dickey, 2010) Logistic population growth refers to when a population reaches the energy of the environment to sustain, the population growth declines. Fur seals of St.capital of Minnesota Island are a good example of this, After hunting was controlled, the population increased rapidly until about 1935, when it began to level off and started fluctuating around a population size of about 10,000 bull sealsthe carrying capacity for St. Paul Island. (Simon, Reece, Dickey, 2010) Humans tend to exhibit exponential forms of population growth. We rapidly reproduce and expand, exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment. This leads to us spreading to other areas and exceeding the carrying capacity there as well.

The Promotional Strategies of Smart and Globe Essay Example for Free

The promotional Strategies of gifted and ball EssayStarting from telegraphic and telephonic systems in the19th Century, the field of telephonic chat has now Expanded to make handling of advanced technologies like GSM, CDMA and WLL to the great 3G Technology in busy phones. Day by day, both the Public Players and the Private Players are Putting in their resources and efforts to improve the telecom technology so as to give the maximum to Their customers. In caper, it is important to use various and advanced promotional strategies to expand the demand of your product and to earn more consumers. It is one of the main things a business enterprise or a comp any(prenominal) must do to keep on working. There are 3 different ways to promote a product to show knowledge to consumers as well as other(a)s to increase the demand and change the product. Any use of those three is called the promotional strategy. Considering that competition in the business field is continuously grow ing, implementing efficient strategies through promoting products are indeed signifi so-and-sot for all operators in any industry. Background of the StudyOver the years since cellphones were widely used, various cybers strideing companies have succeeded in promoting their products to their subscribers. But up to this moment, only ii networking companies have truly taken the top-spot of the networks knowing and reality Telecom two of the around widely used networks today. The two networking companies have been using different strategies to promote their products, such as SIM separate for cellphones and Wireless internet connectors for computers or laptops.SMART Telecommunications, being the largest ready operator in the Philippines, is also the net operate subsidiary of thePhilippine Long Distance Telephone Company(PLDT) for over 45 billion cellular subscribers ( novel Comm. 2010). Smart Communications, Inc. is the Philippines leading wireless run provider with 34. 2 mil lion subscribers on its GSM network (Smart Comm. , 2008). Of its total subscriber base, 20. 9 million subscribers are served under the brands Smart Buddy, Smart Gold and Smart Infinity and another 13. 3 million subscribers are served through its subsidiary, Pilipino Telephone Corp. , under the brand confabulation N Text.SMART has built a reputation for innovation, having introduced world-first wireless data work, including mobile commerce services such as Smart Money, Smart Load and Smart Padala. SMART also offers a 3G service, Smart 3G. These actually help SMART attain a very versatile service for its subscribers. (www. smart. com. ph) On the other hand, Globe Telecom provides mobile, fixed line, and broadband Internet services. It is the second largest mobile operator in the Philippines, with 27 million customers second only to SMART and PLDT. It also provides various services like SIM networks and Wireless Internet connectors. The most hard-hitting way to attract and retain th e value- conscious Philippine mobile customer was to promote process through duration-limited marketing promotions (Globe Telecom, 2009) Globe Telecom willing start to offer 3G mobile services during Q2 2006. The operator will provide its next-generation services free of charge as part of a promotional campaign in select cities. As mobile growth continues at a steady pace in the Philippines there were 36mn subscribers at the end of 2005, representing penetration of about 43% we expect 3G services to be a key source of growth in the industry.With BMI forecasting mobile penetration rates to give 70% in 2009, there will be little room for further subscriber growth. Globe Telecom also recognized that the most stiff way to attract and retain the value-conscious Philippine mobile customer was to spur action through time-limited marketing promotions. (www. telecomsinsight. com) They attained more production through time valuing and speed production, because they believe that being quick brings in more services In such an environment, advantage comes to the fast, nimble and intelligentde? ed by the ability to target market opportunities with tactical campaigns, monitor their enduringness and ? ne tune them in short order. Thats exactly how Globe Telecomthe number two provider in the Philippines, with 27 million customersis approaching the competitive challenge. Globe speci? cally recognized that the most effective way to attract and retain the value-conscious Philippine mobile customer was to spur action through time-limited marketing promotionsfor example, reload HSDPA service with PHP30 and also get 24 hours unlimited SMS product.Call it opportunistic marketing in the extreme. (http//www-05. ibm. om/innovations) The main objective of this seek is to assess the different promotional strategies of SMART and Globe Telecom Networks in the Philippines. The reasons that pushed the researchers to write about this topic is because one of the most widely used tec hnologies today involve the use of networking, and the main providers of such networking use different promotional strategies to beat the competition. The researchers will provide adequate information about the processes and procedures of the networking companies and also the different perceptions of the respondents the researchers are going to interview.Objectives of the Study The research entitled The Promotional Strategies of Smart and Globe as Perceived by the Selected Mass Comm Students of tender time University has the following objectives 1. What are the promotional strategies of Smart and Globe? 2. What benefits do respondents enjoy out of these promotional strategies? 3. How does Smart and Globe execute these promotional strategies? 4. What problems are experienced by the respondents on these promotional strategies? 5. What solutions are rewarded to help respondents when it comes to the problems on promotional strategies? kitchen stove and Limitations The research titled The Promotional Strategies of Smart and Globe as Perceived by the Selected Mass Comm Students of New Era University includes the information of the respondents perceptions according to the survey that will be given, and also the information from the references used. The research will only limit its survey to 50 selected First Year Mass Comm Students of New Era University. Also, The Researchers did not include any other network companies besides Smart Comm. and Globe Telecomm.Significance of the Study The research entitled The Promotional Strategies of Smart and Globe As Perceived by the Selected Mass Comm Students of New Era University will be beneficial to the following The students, or the teenagers, who are usually the most extensive users or subscribers of the said networks. Based on how they are the one that is easy to convince on the promos of Text or Call promos of the network companies. The general readers, who will get to know the promotional techniques of Globe and Smart.E specially on the marketing management of the telecom company to find out how they can improve more their innovative strategy on promoting or making promos on telecommunication industry. The network company of Smart and Globe Telecom, who will understand and observe in this study the convenience of the text/call promos they promote to their subscribers and on their preparedness on how they approach to the competition. Definition of Terms The definition of these terms will help the readers to conk out understand this research paper. a. Promotion is one of the four elements ofmarketing mix(product, price, promotion, and place). . Cellphones is a device that can make and receivetelephone callsover aradio linkwhilst moving around a wide geographic area. c. Strategy a word ofmilitaryorigin that refers to aplanof action designed to achieve a particulargoal. d. Innovative is the creation of better or more effectiveproducts,processes,services,technologies, orideasthat are accepted bymark ets,governments, andsociety. e. Network Adirectoryof people maintained for their advancement f. Consumers psyche who tradesmoneyforgoodsas an individual. g. Subscriber a person whosubscribesto apublicationor aservice h.SIM card a small,removablecardsmaller than acredit cardwhich storesmobile phonedatasuch ascontactnamesandnumbers,SMSsandsecurityinformation i. Company Anentitythatmanufacturesorsellsproducts(also cognise asgoods), or providesservicesas acommercialventure a corporation j. doctor Line Afixedtelephonecommunicationscable. k. Operator Atelecommunicationsfacilitatorwhose job is to establish unpredictable network connections. l. Subsidiary Acompanyowned by theparent companyor retention company.

Sino-US relations Essay Example for Free

Sino-US relations EssayThe overture in Sino-US relations was the main factor promoting dtente between Russia and America in the years 1969-75. How distant do you score with this view?The Ping Pong diplomacy of 1971 begun a period of rapprochement in Sino-US relations. The Chinese dimension to Cold War diplomacy threatened the USSR which feared a military alliance, and the Soviet wedding moved to improve relations with the USA, thereby facilitating the process of dtente. However, the fear of thermonuclear war, the escalating cost of the weapons system race coupled with the grim economic realities of the 1970s and the American withdraw from Vietnam and were as well as highly important in promoting dtente between Russia and America. The Soviet Union viewed the improvement in Sino-American relations as a threat to its national security, she was now confronted on two fronts and fearing military collusion, the Soviet Union sought better relations with the USA. Soviet fears of t he yellow peril dated back to 19th Century and were reignited by the Sino-Soviet abrupt of the 1960s. Climaxing in 1969 when the Peoples Liberation Army ambushed Soviet troops along the Usuri River, who suffered 59 casualties this action was perceived by Russia as evidence that the Chinese had designs on its territory.Furthermore, following Kissingers secret visit to China in July 1971, the previously internationally isolated China, gained international recognition. She was admitted into the UN with a permanent seat on the Security Council in October that year. The result of this triangular diplomacy for the Soviet Union was the relaxation of tensions with the USA with dtente, the USSR believed this would proffer the prospect of isolating China from the US and consequently decrease the threat of an coordinated attack.However, alternative factors also contri justed to promoting dtente between Russia and America in the years 1969-75. The fear of nuclear war and the escalating cost of the armor race pushed the Superpowers into pursuing better relations. By 1969 some(prenominal) sides had achieved relative nuclear parity in weapons and actors line systems, nuclear war would result in Mutually Assured Destruction. The extensive treaty systems both countries held in the third world, could result in small regional conflict developing into full scale nuclear war. Whilst the cost of maintaining this balance of terror came at great economic cost, preventing much needed social reform. In the early 1970s the USA faced double digit inflation and widespread urban public violence in 1968.In contrast, the USSR had failed in its promise to deliver high-quality consumer products and faced falling GNP growth, from 5% in 1966-70 to 3.1% in 1971-75. These factors made it clear to the respective powers that improved relations were necessary to prevent nuclear war, agree on arms limits and improve trade agreements President Nixon and his NSC adviser Henry Kissingers successf ul constitution of linkage meant the Soviets would recognise both superpowers had mutual interests in the Third World and receptive up badly needed US technology and investment to the Soviet economy. Whilst the signing of arms limitation treaties of SALT 1 and the subsequent ABM treaty in 1972 was possibly the high point of US-Soviet co-operation engendered by Dtente.Furthermore, the wider international situation of war in Vietnam and the situation in Europe precipitated improved Soviet-American relations. In the USA the war-weary public demanded withdraw from Vietnam which in 1968 had cost 16,889 American lives pushing the administration of President Nixon to give chase better relations with Moscow co-operation was vital to achieve a peace settlement with Hanoi. This being achieved through the policy of Linkage which recognised the Soviet sphere of influence.In return, the USSR would support American peace communion with the North Vietnamese. Furthermore, the uneasy territor ial settlement of Europe created at Yalta in 1945, which had threatened possible US intervention in 1968 during the Czechoslovakian crisis meant US-Soviet co-operation was vital to ensure peace. The Helsinki Agreement of 1975 continued the policy of East-West dialogue over Europe begun by Willy Brandts successful policy of Ostpolitik during the late 1960s. The Soviet controlled Warsaw accord gained official US recognition of the post-ww2 European borders, whilst the US largely unsuccessfully sought concessions over humane rights issues from the USSR, which following the agreement were widely ignored.In conclusion, dtente was the result of a variety of complex factors, operate by a war-weary United States counting the human and economic cost of militaristic confrontation of collectivism in Vietnam. The United States under President Nixon recognised more could be achieved through peaceful diplomacy, whilst both Superpowers recognised that dtente offered the opportunity to curtail spiralling defence spending and open up trade associate between the nations. The improvement in Sino-US relations added an important Chinese dimension to Cold War diplomacy, but was not the main factor promoting dtente between Russia and America in the years 1969-1975.

Training Program And HR Order Essay Example for Free

Training Program And HR Order Essay inlet We argon in the epoch of arrangingal reform and innovation. Our time is marked with rapid changes in the demography of workforce, changing corporate culture, and changing institutions. In the light of the rapid shift in todays arrangings, the skills required of human resource managers, beginners in the profession and even aspiring students in the discipline, rest on the foundation of grappleledge on the whole gamut of human resources and organizational development. Corporate America is not without its complications. When the community succeeds, there is with it (the success) a corresponding notion of responsibilities and liabilities. Organizations thrive today because of the policies and guidelines they endure managed to fixed firmly in their set-up and translated into their day to day affairs. Big businesses go through the competitive edge over others i.e., over small entrepreneurs, because they oblige arrived at their position s in the market place by securing certain parameters in the many facets that comprise their organizations. This is specially true on government laws and regulations (McKenna, 2000). Company policies reflect the callers intentions of not only looking for into employees benefits and/or plight, but its willingness to comply with authorities. Safety must be of prime importance in each(prenominal) organization and cooperation between employees and the imposed restrictions must be monitored and regulated. Any accident prevention program posterior only be effective and successful with the combined efforts of the steering, supervisors, foremen and employees.This is where motivating the employees to participate is in addition critical and the everlasting and proper communication channels are employed in the organization. Governments monitoring should too be unceasing because the tendency for institutions to make lapses and/or company support to be negligent with their duties endure oftentimes occur (McKenna, 2000 Clement, 1981).Discussion Training Programs its purpose and efficacy Training and homework programs instituted by an organization requires that the management realizes the direct for a systematic program for employee cookery and development through the formulation of company policy and its implementation by specifying who should be responsible. Management must therefore consider training as iodin of its major functions. It must realize this need because training is a continuous activity and requires managements attention and support. Without managements continued backing, financial, and moral, the program will fail (Clement, 1981). Regardless of the ordinariness and predictive validity of a selection program, it is almost always necessary to expose newly engage employees to about kind of training before they force out be maximally effective on a new job, even if the employees are already experienced with the tools utilized in the workplace. Th e purpose of which is to increase the employees productive efficiency and to enhance organizational goals. Training requirements are made more complicated when the workers have had little actual job experience or are being hired for a instance of work they have never performed (Baron, 1983). The organizations selection procedures ideally ensure that new employees have sufficient intelligence, aptitude, and attitude to learn the job.The effects of a training program are in some cases tangible and in other cases, intangible. In the case of the former, empirical measurement of effectiveness is relatively well-heeled but in the case of the latter, it is not so. For example, the effectiveness of a training program, such as one for operator training, work study or inventory control, can easily be measured in terms of increased productivity or reduced cost, after the trainees have completed the program. But in the case of a program on human relations or leadership, the benefits cannot be measured in terms or units they are seen and felt over a period of years. The effectiveness of such programs can also be measured from the point of view of objectives of the program by conducting in depth interviews of the participants, their superiors and subordinates (Baron, 1983). The HR Managers role to make training effective The HR manager should determine, in reference work with the different line departments, what training activities are needed, arranged according to priorities. He should evaluate the training programs and buckle under to management annual reports on the status of each program, their effectiveness, and the quality of the training activities. He should continually transfer the training programs to all supervisors and managers and integrate the programs with other personnel actions, such as promotions or transfers. He should also extend technical aid to the supervisors and managers at all levels in determining training needs, selecting instructors or demon strators and evaluating results (Landy, 1985 Baron, 1983 Clement, 1981). some other important role of the HR manager is to evaluate whether the training conducted met what was intended for and if further follow-up or reinforcements are needed, there are contingencies that are also in place. Management, furthermore, as a rule wants to know whether or not the expense involved in the training and development of its employees will be a profitable investment. In evaluating the effectiveness of training there is a need to define what one wants to initiate from that particular training to be able to evaluate its results.The usual approach of relating the effects of training to tax income changes in the organization in terms solely of the attitudes and behavior of workers is not enough as these are not all the effect one gets out of training. There are intangible benefits that a trainee acquires which prolong his outlook in life through his contact with society at large, boost his moral e and motivation towards his work, and develop his pride to belong to his organization. Quantification should be in terms of identifiable units as psychomotor skills, association and information gained and specific behavior patterns instilled (Landy, 1985 Baron, 1983 Clement, 1981). metier is measured in terms of the application of what the learners have acquired during the training course. This application in turn is affected by various factors, the most important of which is the organizational exemplar and climate within which to apply the ideas learned from the course. Training is not transferred until it is well-integrated and successfully applied in a given job for which it was intended. Not all knowledge or skill can be use immediately in all situations but the learner will have it ready for his use when the need arises (Landy, 1985 Baron, 1983 Clement, 1981).Conclusion The rapid technological and environmental changes which have engulfed the world in increase proportions have drastically transformed the placid face of the earth. Organizational as well as industrial behaviors have evolved towards combat-ready materialism thereby elevating workers and customers demands and expectations.Trends show that 1) there is a spectacular and growing shortage of high talent managers 2) there will be an increasing need for part managers 3) the managers job will be more demanding 4) there will be increasing competition for managers. This reality is sustained up to the next decades. Hence, the manager himself constantly must undergo training and advanced schooling for him to remain in the competitive edge. He can also pinpoint to the round in the workplace the significance of training when he himself refreshes in the profession he is involved in (Clement, 1981). When the HR manager thoroughly knows his stuff and had done his research, studies and analysis into the problems and challenges of his workplace, it is no wonder that the training provided for the organ ization is appropriate and fitting for the members of the organization. His job seems to be continuous and he updates himself constantly to pull the rest of the organization to a level of competence.ReferenceBaron, R. 1983. Behavior in Organizations Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work, Boston Allyn and Bacon.Clement, R.W. 1981. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Management Training. Human Resources Management. Vol. 20, pp.8-13.Landy, F.J. 1985. Psychology of Work behavior. 3rd Ed. Dorsey Press.McKenna, Eugene, 2000. Business Psychology and Organizational Behavior A Students Handbook. 3rd Ed. Psychology press Taylor and Francis Group.

The Ku Klux Klan prevented African Americans from gaining civil rights Essay Example for Free

The Ku Klux Klan pr razeted African Americans from gaining civil rights EssayThe Ku Klux Klan were an Anglo-Saxon based passion who believed solely on white supremacy. The movement was first formed in the 1860s in identify to protect white rights they mainly formed in the very deep entropyern states of America. Since starting the KKK has gone(a) through phases of popularity followed by essenti all(prenominal)y fading in number. However in 1915 the KKK was reestablished with great force, now stand for what they described as Americanism, Christianity and Morality. After this The KKK continued to grow in number up until the late 1960s, brag numbers between two and five million members including some important political influence. The KKK mostly employ on that point aggressive manner and force they brought upon the black wad. This intimidation stopped the black the great unwashed from aliment near white communities and also made real they would non complain or try to ph ysical exertion their rights. This was so affective because the black people were so afraid or murder and torture they did non complain or protest for civil rights, in that locationfore keeping this problem from the rest of America and the world. The KKK were unpitying in the randomness at this time as they preformed murders and destroyed black communities in order to butt in such guardianship that the blacks would keep quiet. Most black people felt so intimidated they couldnt even vote because of the almost inevitability that the KKK would find out which would result in murders and firebombing of households.The KKK was such a significant group because of the vast amount of members that belonged to the movement, especially in the southern states. The black people could not work out who was a Klan member or not so became scared and untrustworthy of all people, this lead to black even losing faith in the law and American politics. This was because many another(prenominal) member s and supporters of the Klan were very virile at the time in America and held some sinewy jobs. Senators, judges and police chiefs all potentially could have been Klansmen. This installed an even greater fear into the black people of America. These members also made sure that politically civil rights laws were not passed and in a state bases laws were not even kept. For example Bull Conner had powerful jobs within Birmingham, Alabama and the police chief for that town and due to his known racism made sure that all black citizens of Birmingham were treated badly and were refused freedom of speech, therefore this created an even bigger state of fear for citizens of Alabama at that time.Many Black people living within Southern states as briefly as they saved enough money or sorted out arrangements moved form the south to the north were they knew they would be treated fairer. This was made sure by the KKK that there were not enough blacks to even fight for their rights even if they c ould, for example if they could vote there would not be enough black people to make a difference and made sure that integration into white schools was not a problem. in addition if black people were fleeing from the south to the north the KKK had won as they did not want to live amongst them leastways and made sure they knew they had forced them out by their intense persecution.On the other hand, it can be argued that the KKK failed in their overall aim to stop black people from gaining civil rights in America. Schools and collages in twain North and South stats became desegregated despite the Klans abuse. This proved that no matter what the black population palliate united and eventually won against this racial Tierney form the KKK. This also proved that still the majority of politicians believed in civil rights and proved that the KKK did not have as much influence within politics as they thought. The obvious other victory of this was that the younger generations began to acce pt black people as human beings and incorporate them into same societies which proved that the KKK could not last forever and once the last of the Klansmen die out there will be very few people to take their places.The KKK might have hindered the progress of civil rights being achieved in some states within southern America but there was still a large part of America who by this times supported civil rights and sympathized with how the blacks were treated in the south by the KKK, this created resentment for the North against the Klan and built up more support and votes for pro civil rights politicians. wherefore in the long run the Klan just hindered themselves and made sure essentially that the black were treated mitigate and given more rights.The influx of many civil rights spotivist groups such as the NAACP and the SCLC essentially call off out the KKK as these groups thanks to the likes of Martin Luther King used clever modern tactics to counteract the Klans forces. These g roups supported blacks in all areas from peaceful protest to help in the court rooms. The Klans stereotyped and predictable methods were no match for the power of things like the media and use of making sympathy for the black people in the south. The NAACP even helped black people get the vote in southern states so. Therefore there were civil rights sympathizes even in southern states.In conclusion, The Ku Klux Klan was a successful movement and stopped many black people from succeeding in gaining Civil Rights mainly in the South. However, In 1964 The Civil Rights actuate was passed and therefore could not succeed and never really stopped it, essentially they just succeeded in prolonging this act for a while.

Assess the usefulness of functionalist theories in understanding religion today Essay Example for Free

Assess the public utility company of functionalist theories in understanding faith today EssayAssess the usefulness of functionalist theories in understanding devotion today (33 marks) There atomic number 18 a variety of different definitions of religion including substantive definitions, which refers to focusing on the sate or substance of a religious belief such as God, functional definitions, which refers to religion in terms of the favorable or psychological functions it carries by for the individual and there are also social constructionist definitions which focus on how members of ball club actually define religion.Functionalists hold a consensus view and argue that society requires both social order and solidarity in order for it to run smoothly, and religion is one track of providing this as it encourages shared norms and values. As previously mentioned, functionalists argue that social order and solidarity to run smoothly Durkheim argued that there are four m ain ways in which religion obligates value consensus.One way is through the inviolable and scandalize, he argued that devoted referred to things that are separate from society and create feelings of awe, wonder and fear whereas profane referred to things that were low with no real significance. Durkheim therefore argued that the only thing powerful enough to inspire people in the way religion does is society itself therefore meaning people are not worshipping their religion or god, but in fact society this means that people unite under the same belief, facing pages shared norms and values all over and therefore creating consensus inwardly society. Another way in which religion helps to maintain value consensus is through Totemism Durkheim argued that heart of all religions could be identified by examining its simplest form in the simplest type of society which he called a clan society.He carried out a study in Australia with a tribe with a clan system. (Arunta) This tribe consisted of a close knit community who carried out rituals together with involved the worshipping of a sacred totem, such as a plant of leaf that identifies the clan therefore creating a common sense of social order and solidarity. Totemism is similar to the sacred and profane as it reasonablenesss individuals to inadvertently worship society instead of a God or supernatural being, therefore again paste shared norms and values. However, there are criticisms to this view Worsley argues that there is no difference between the sacred and profane and his view of totemism would only apply to small scale communities with a single religion, but not large scale communities with multiple religions as there are normally conflicts between them,meaning there is no longer social order and solidarity.Malinowski argues that religion promotes social order and solidarity through it psychological functions, which helps individuals who are pass through hardship therefore preventing them from go ing against societys shared norms and values. Malinowski suggested two different types of federal agency in which religion helps to perform this role. One way is when the outcome is important but is uncontrollable he compared the differences between two different ways of fishing when carrying out a study in the western Pacific, he argued that lagoon fishing is predictable, safe and has a more successful method of catching fish meaning there is no ritual. However, when the islanders were ocean fishing, he identified it as more dangerous and suspicious which required the islanders to carry out rituals in order to ensure their safety whilst fishing. Malinowski argued that the ritual gave the islanders a sense of control and more confidence, again highlighting solidarity.The other situation was at times of life crises, this meant events that cause significant change such as birthdays, weddings, and death religion is useful as it helps bring niggling disruption. Similarly, Parsons a rgues that religion helps individuals to handle unforeseen events and uncontrollable outcomes. He identified two ways in which religion does this one way is by creating and legitimising societys central values but making them sacred. For example, in the USA, Protestantism helped make the American core values of meritocracy, individualism and self-disciple sacred.This therefore helps to promote social order and solidarity as the vast majority of Americans would have the same norms and values, creating little conflict and greater social cohesion. The other way is by answering peoples ultimate questions, such as who created the earth, and why do about people die young. It gives individuals a sense of security and makes people less likely to rebel against society. However, not all sociologists agree with the functionalists and their view of religion and its role.Feminists argue that the role of religion is to oppress women and help maintain patriarchy within society. One way in which religion maintains patriarchy is through religious organisations these are significantly manlike dominated, for example, Orthodox Judaism and Catholicism do not allow women to become priests. Armstrong argues that this is evidence for the marginalization of women in religion and society. Places of worship often separate the sexes, placing men on more holy argument with women sitting behind a screen. Women are also not allowed to preach or read from sacred texts.Additionally, menstruating women are not allowed to touch the Quran, this therefore reinforces patriarchy as women are forbidden from doing important rituals within their holy ground and are also discriminated against. Sacred texts are often focused on the actions of male gods and prophets and are commonly written by men. Women who are featured in sacred texts are commonly portrayed through stereotypes such as Eve, who caused the fall of humanity and expulsion from the Garden of Eden. Lastly, religious laws and springer ensure that women are given fewer rights than men, such as access to divorce, how many spouses they can have, conclusiveness making etc. In conclusion, there are a variety of different theories as to the usefulness of lack of in regards to religion.

Berlin Wall Essay Example for Free

Berlin surround EssayThe Berlin w comp allowely told caused much strife during its universeness. It started with the conflict between the USSR and the Allies and rapidly escalated from there. The long old age it stood were full of separation and conflict. The story of the Berlin contend is not atomic number 53 easily forgotten.During WWII the Soviet army captured the German city of Berlin. The U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union all occupy a sector of Berlin. The united States, Britain, and France occupied sectors in westernmost German and Berlin while the Soviet Union occupied the eastern United States. Because of this, when the Cold War started, eastmost and westerly Berlin were divided both in opinion and territory.The Soviets were communist and the calculateers of West Ger more an(prenominal) were persistent that all of Germany should be communistic. The Soviets tried to force the westerly powers to give up their control over their three secto rs. after their attempts to convince them to give up their control failed, the Soviet side cut West Berlin, which was isolated in the middle of East Germany, from all land and air travel. West Berlin was frozen and starving, unless they refused to give in.The Western Allies started what is comm sole(prenominal) k like a shotn as the Berlin Airlift. Great amounts of food and supplies were dropped by plane. West Berlin was not aband aned up by the Allies. East Germany however, did give up the blockade of West Berlin after a year. They determined that something else must be dvirtuoso.East Berlin lost many the great unwashed to West Berlin. It was said approximately dickens and a half million people unexampleds leakd the communistic East Germany obviously by mark the duck from East Berlin into the West. A common method of this escape was by sub flair. At one billet they believed that one expose of e rattling three people leaving the station was actually an escaping citizen of East Germany. East Germany was rapidly losing its much needed work force.Walter Ulbricht was the man most blamed for the building of the Berlin Wall. In public, he denied all rumors of even the consideration of cutting off the border r come outes. The denial of the idea of closing the border was a plan to keep the flow of people escaping from increasing to begin with the jetty was built. Ulbricht believed that people would urgently flee as soon as they heard of the plans for the breakwater.On a Saturday night in 1961, the wall was hastily built. Since it was the weekend, the unsuspecting people were vacationing after their week of long work and did not carte du jour the hidden rolls of barbwire and timber slashed away where the wall was to be built. flock whose houses stood where the separation was were no continuing allowed to use their Western doors. legion(predicate) used the windows to escape but others were caught by the East jurisprudence or lost their lives in the pro cess. By the end of the first couple weeks, the windows and doors were sealed off with bricks.The Berlin was more than a sliver of grey concrete. It was watchtowers, guards, guns, barbed wire, and even mines. As determined as many East Berliners were to sail to firedom, they had to risk so much in the process. For many, the risk led to their deaths.The wall was disapproved of by many of the citizens. Because of the sudden construction, many families were instantly separated. The dangers sometimes outweighed the thought of unification. Wanting to at the very least jaw their love ones, platforms were built on the West side of the wall and families would find some comfort in simple glimpses of their loved ones.Another negativity of the wall was the sheer conflict of beliefs. Some who did not share the opinions of Germany were quickly forced in a problematic situation. They couldnt escape from the strict rules of communism. The wall had clearly spew them on the wrong side.Family an d beliefs were not the only things the wall separated. Though not physically, the Berlin wall drew a line right through Germany. You were either East German or you were West German. There were no in between grey sections. People had to choose sides or their side was chosen for them. Of course, through all this, France, Britain, and the United States stood beside their West German sectors. Tension of the cold was thick. Many showed what side they were on by simply choosing to support East or West Germany. Those who supported the East were Communistic. Those who supported West Germany were supporters of democracy of freedom.The problems deep down East Germany became more and more obvious as time went on. The most obvious problem was the existence of the wall itself. Many died from the wall and it wasnt just the start. The problems of East Germany were from social to economic.At first, it was very affirmable to make it across the wall. People would break through with trucks, dig tun nels, fight their way across, sneak across during construction, forge papers, and all manner of escape. People didnt let the risk of death keep them from their freedoms and families. not eachone was lucky enough to make it across.One example of misfortune was a pair of young work force who determined to sneak across a weak part of the wall. The first do it successfully across, but his friend did not. Shot by the guards, the young man discharge injured and bleeding at the wall. free on the East side, people from the West could not retrieve the last young man. The guards waited for him to bleed out before disposing of his body. His screams and cries for help haunted and outraged the people. Fearing a future uprising, the guards were commanded to move bodies and dying individuals out of chew so the people wouldnt be quite as disturbed by their deaths.After many made it across the Berlin wall, it was ensconced to reinforce the wall. This reinforcement crushed many peoples rely of ever crossing and killed many of those that retained their hope. The wall at first had been simply a tall(a) concrete wall with armed watchtowers, searchlights, and barbed wire. The reinforcement included a higher fence with a column of concrete that was plainly impossible to grip, extra fences, tripwires connected to automatic machine guns, and a seemingly hopeless run to safety. Forged papers at the gates were the most likely means of escape after the reinforcement.In East Germany, the work hours were long, the opportunities were few, the tension was high, and the rules were strict. Music was censored and lives were limited. East Germans created a obvious culture because they had to vacate breaking so many rules. You watched what you said and who you were with.Rules in East Germany were not interpreted lightly because the people never knew when they were being watched. The neighbors, their best friend, their lover, or even their mother couldve been one of them one of the age nts for Germanys secret police, that is. The secret police were called Stasi. Anyone could be suspected of being part of the Stasi, since the Stasi used anyone they could.The Stasi was a huge network of agents who watched over East Germany. They had their eyes on over one-third of the population. The Stasi spied on, arrested, and manipulated countless people. They picked up on plans of escape, wormed their way into possible rebellion for information, and even kept records of their tar desexualizes lives in flimsy detail. Along with the suspicious activity they stored in the files pertaining to the lives of their targets, they included elaborate plans for their victims. These plans interfered with lives, ruined marriages, kept certain kids from acquire into universities, and even destroyed futures. They didnt stand for any possible uprising. They snuffed out any spark that could crown to anything contradictory to East Germanys policies.Pollution was a major problem in East Germany . Their pollution was actually so great that it actually caused diseases not seen since Victorian ages. The diseases killed many of the people. People started environmental programs to see and do something nearly the pollution and stop the tragedy of diseases.A bit of freedom was the beginning of transfer and the start of hope in East Germany. The rules were loosened on churches across the land. Slowly but for sure the church became the centers of protest across the land. People came to meetings with the accepted excuse of praying for the country or involvement at environmental programs at the church. The church quietly became the center of reformists.Because of the hope sprouted by the reformist church meetings, a protest of seventy-thousand people occurred openly in East Germany. The world watched in tense concern. Many feared that East German officials would use the China option where they would simply massacre the protestors like what had recently occurred in China. The wo rld was shocked when there seemed to be no immediate consequences for the massive protest.The opening of the Berlin wall was a great event and actually an accident. After many years of separation and conflict, one mans misunderstood words caused the great event. While an East German bureaucrat, Gnter Schabowski, was at a wish conference on November 9th, 1989, his uncertain answer to a simple question was misunderstood. The misunderstanding was that travel restrictions were being lifted and effective immediately. People flooded to the gates of the wall demanding access they believed was granted by one man who simply misspoke. These people could not be turned away though what Schabowski had said was uttermost greater than what the authorities had intended to do.For hours, the gates remained c turn a spillaged and the guards were hammered by questions and demands from the eager citizens. The guards tried to get an order from the higher ups, but at the time the whole system of autho rity was in sanatorium and disorder. No one seemed to know what to do. Finally, at about 1130 that night, after countless meetings and fruitless phone calls, the order went out to open the gates. This order was given by Lieutenant-Colonel Harald Jger, the senior policeman in charge at the Bornholmer Strasse border crossing. When he gave the order, people flooded through the gates and climbed the walls.Harald Jger later gave his report of what had occurred that night. It was apparent to all of the guards that something was amiss and that people would soon show up stressful to pass through the gates as they watched the press conference. They were all surprised at the words verbalise at the press conference but did not understand the enormity of the consequences that were to come. He said, All I thought was Now youve got to find out whether theyre allowed to travel immediately or not.He called his higher up to ask, but it was apparent that he was just as surprised and simply ordered him not to let anyone through. Harald apparently held countless meetings with his officers all that afternoon. Everyone demanded that he tell them what to do. Fearing the consequences of letting them through and wanting to know if the men would support his decision, he had asked if they should open fire on the people. When the guards objected he knew what he must do. The people were cumber to get hurt in a scuffle if he waited too long so he reached his decision. I gave my people the order Open the barrierThe destruction of the wall was almost immediate. The world watched in awe as the socialistic experiment on East Germany quickly crumbled as the East and West citizens of Germany united in joy and merriment. The opening of the wall was well authorized by the West. That very night, they made their way over the wall to join and rejoice with their Eastern brethren. Even the Chancellor of West Germany called the stream President of the U.S., George H. W. Bush, and ecstatically rela yed the events of the night.They knew Germany would never be the same. Despite all the official government problems with the occasion of the wall falling, the East and West strove to be together again. After forty years of that cursed wall, the people ultimately had their chance to deplume it down. They gladly took that chance. The people of the White House shared the Chancellors intensity and encouraged the President to go to Germany. The President refused to take any credit in the happening, This is the German moment.The people of Germany jumped at their chance to seize freedom and unity. They feared they would lose the opportunity as abruptly as it came. Germans cherished freedom to decide their own fate. They wanted the freedom to see their loved ones and choose who they wanted to lead them. They wanted to be a whole nation again. As joyous as the world was at the fall of the wall, many feared what was to come. How would the world take it? What would it lead to? How was the Soviet Union going to handle this? The very symbol of socialism had fallen by the hand of its own people. Was this reunion of sides going to be allowed? Or would there be a violent backlash? Leaders and the world watched anxiously. There were so many consequences that could occur, but everyone simply wondered whether they would be positive or negative.Mikhail Gorbachev was a name well known among the USSR. He was the man who was trying to reform the Soviet Union from the inside. He was trying to make a firmer, greater Soviet Union, but even his supporters in the Soviet began to think he had taken it too outlying(prenominal) with the opening of the wall. It had never been his intention to open the wall, but it had happened on his watch. Everyone feared that this would somehow end up in rage.A man by the name of Helmut Kohl, the Chancellor of Germany, saw this even at the opportunity to meet Germany. Many called his idea premature and the very idea made people uneasy. The concept o f having a re interconnected strong Germany struck concern into Germanys neighbors and nations around the world and Europe. People feared another German attack and the trade that could take place. As much as the concept of reunion was feared, it turned out that it was actually out of the European leading hands and in the peoples.The people of Germany started the ball rolling on the reunion of Germany. Within the first day of the fall of the wall, over one million East Germans made their way to West Berlin and within the first week over nine million had done the same. It was almost a large party. The mood was full of celebration. They were even given a welcome gift as they came. People went to shop and to drink and simply enjoy the fact that they were now on the other side of the wall and the gates were open.It became extremely obvious to the East Germans that personal freedom meant that they had the option of doing whatever they desired to do. They could lose their job, try to f ind a new one, follow their dreams, and they all had to change. The parsimoniousness of East Germany couldnt avoid a drastic change. It was unstable, but the Germans determined that they were going to do what they wanted.Though it was roughly known that the German Chancellor Helmut Kohl desired a reunified Germany, he had not officially assured any means of doing so. Upon comprehend that others were already beginning to discuss their own plans for East and West Germany, the Chancellor felt that he should confound a speech that stated his views and display his plan for reunification. The plan was supposed to take about louver to seven years to complete and had been carefully crafted within his group of trusted advisors.Helmut Kohl had not consulted with his allies before holding his bold speech for the entire world to hear. Had he done so, he believed the speech would lose never been made. Thought his speech had been a gamble, it was one that paid off. Because of it, he was per sonally identified with reunification of Germany. The United States decided to fully support Kohls plan for reunification. The only problem now lay in convincing the leaders of France and Britain that a reunified Germany would be beneficial to Europe.While world leaders struggled to decide what was to be done and what Germany was to become, the people of Germany had gathered their own to plan their new land. They continued to daily tear down more and more of the ugly wall that had so long separated them. The people didnt want a Germany that was simply a larger West Germany, but a completely new Germany that took both the best of the West and the East. The people planned on taking this into their own hands and neat a form of Democracy. The group who were planning such an event was a group called the Round Table. Among one of the first things they strove for was and open election in East Germany, something that hadnt been done in over cardinal years.Of course, not everything would t urn out right. One major cause of concern was when the Round Table had received a report that things were turning violent. An angry mob was reported storming the East German secret polices, the Stasis headquarters. They feared that many were about to be lynched, but to their surprise, the mob simply stormed the headquarters and no violence actually seemed to occur. They now found themselves surrounded by mass amounts of information, years of spying and reports written about them. They had overthrown the Stasi.In March of 1990, East Germany held their first election in over sixty years. Many were lacerated between voting for the conservative West German runners since they had the money to pull them out of their bad economy and the Democratic candidates of the East that had pulled them out of their situation in the first place. As time when on, many began to get ahead that the people were pushing for materialism over all other things. The feeling of revolution was quickly dying out a s they voted for those they believed would grant them prosperity. It was all too obvious that a new Germany was no long-run desired. The East simply wanted to be like the West. The majority of the elected officials were rich conservative Westerners and only a handful of reformists.A major problem with the gradual reunification was the horrid, polluted economical state of East Germany. It dawned on many Westerners that they would have to pay a lot of the price for the East German pollution problems. It was estimated that as the lifelong security of jobs guaranteed by the strict East Germany was destroyed that almost every two out of three jobs were lost by East Germans. They abruptly had to face the reality of joblessness and turn over to succeed in other places.Despite the hardships, Germany was indeed being unified. One of the symbols of reunification was when the leaders of France, Germany, the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union gathered to watch the removal of c heckpoint Charlie, one of the focal points of the Cold War. The Soviets were face the reality that their East German socialist empire was quickly meeting its end. The last thing mental block German unification was Soviet permission for Germany to join North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). When this was amazingly overcome, there was nothing standing in the way. On October 1st, 1990, the four victorious powers formally gave up their rights to Germany.Germany was now free to do as they chose. Less than a year after the fall of the Berlin Wall on October 3rd, 1990, Germany became one nation. Mikhail Gorbachev was forced to resign and blamed for the fall of the Soviet empire who suffered a great loss when Gorbachev chose to give up Germany. Despite this, he believed he had done the right thing in the end. The leaders involved in the reunification of Germany all seemed to stand by their decisions that it was right to let Germany choose who it was going to be. The Cold War had peace fully ended.The people of East Germany were now free and unified. They were free to enjoy music, free to see their families, free to choose their own jobs, free to say what they wanted, and free from fear of the Stasi. East and West Germany ceased to exist, and though there is still a distinction between the people, they grow more and more unified as time passes on. Parts of the wall still stand, but people now simply see it as a reminder of what had been and a way to urge themselves to look to a greater future.